Abstract
Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious diseases. The immune system has developed to protect the host from a continually evolving universe of dangerous bacteria. In addition, the immune system aids the host in the elimination of hazardous substances or allergenic chemicals that enter the body through the mucosal membranes. Autoimmunity is characterised by disruptions in the immune system's control at multiple levels. To avoid the onset of autoimmunity, self-tolerance and discrimination between self and non- self work together. Tolerance is produced and maintained via a combination between negative selection in the thymus, the transcription factor AIRE, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, and dendritic cells. Autoimmune disease occurs when the adaptive immune system pedestals an attack counter to healthy tissue. When the adaptive immune system attacks healthy tissue, autoimmune disease develops.
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