Abstract
BackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral microbiota (Candida species (spp.), Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacilli) in patients with multibracket (MB) appliances in relation to the quality of oral hygiene.Saliva and plaque samples were collected from three groups of 25 patients each (good oral hygiene (GOH), poor oral hygiene (POH), and poor oral hygiene with white spot lesions (POH/WSL)). Counts of colony forming units (CFU) of the investigated oral microbiota were compared using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsBoth saliva and plaque samples showed a high prevalence of Candida spp. in all patients (saliva: 73.4 %, plaque: 60.9 %). The main Candida species was C. albicans. The salivary CFU of Candida spp. in the GOH group was significantly lower than that in the POH group (p = 0.045) and POH/WSL group (p = 0.011). S. mutans was found in the saliva and plaque samples of all patients. Lactobacilli were found in the saliva samples of all patients and in 90.7 % of the plaque samples. In the saliva samples, the CFU of Lactobacilli were more numerous in the POH and POH/WSL groups than in the GOH group (p = 0.047).ConclusionsThe investigated sample of patients showed a high carriage of oral Candida spp. Patients with WSL formation during MB appliance treatment exhibited higher counts of Candida and Lactobacilli compared with patients with good oral hygiene. Independent of oral hygiene quality, S. mutans was detected in all patients.
Highlights
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral microbiota (Candida species, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacilli) in patients with multibracket (MB) appliances in relation to the quality of oral hygiene
The gender distribution was nearly equal in the total sample and in the poor oral hygiene (POH)/white spot lesions (WSL) group
Female predominance was found in the good oral hygiene (GOH) group, whereas male predominance was noted in the POH group
Summary
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral microbiota (Candida species (spp.), Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacilli) in patients with multibracket (MB) appliances in relation to the quality of oral hygiene. During orthodontic treatment with MB appliances, the development of white spot lesions (WSL) is an undesirable side effect with an incidence rate of 30 %–70 % [6, 21, 22]. Patients with poor oral hygiene (POH) during treatment are reportedly affected [6, 24, 25], WSL are quite unpredictable from a clinical perspective. Some patients develop WSL despite acceptable oral hygiene, while others with consistently POH remain unaffected
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