Abstract
We examined the subgingival bacterial biodiversity in untreated chronic periodontitis patients by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. The primary purpose of the study was to compare the oral microbiome in deep (diseased) and shallow (healthy) sites. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the influences of smoking, race and dental caries on this relationship. A total of 88 subjects from two clinics were recruited. Paired subgingival plaque samples were taken from each subject, one from a probing site depth >5 mm (deep site) and the other from a probing site depth ≤3mm (shallow site). A universal primer set was designed to amplify the V4–V6 region for oral microbial 16S rRNA sequences. Differences in genera and species attributable to deep and shallow sites were determined by statistical analysis using a two-part model and false discovery rate. Fifty-one of 170 genera and 200 of 746 species were found significantly different in abundances between shallow and deep sites. Besides previously identified periodontal disease-associated bacterial species, additional species were found markedly changed in diseased sites. Cluster analysis revealed that the microbiome difference between deep and shallow sites was influenced by patient-level effects such as clinic location, race and smoking. The differences between clinic locations may be influenced by racial distribution, in that all of the African Americans subjects were seen at the same clinic. Our results suggested that there were influences from the microbiome for caries and periodontal disease and these influences are independent.
Highlights
In the oral ecosystem, many microbial species exist in dental biofilms on both hard and soft tissue oral surfaces
These subjects were recruited at two different clinic locations: Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in Richmond, VA and a Mission of Mercy project held in Wise, VA
For operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which abundances decreased, Leptotrichia hofstadii and Kingella oralis were the dominant OTUs in the nondecay patients. These results indicated that many bacterial species may be associated with dental caries in periodontitis patients, with S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. being the most heavily associated with decay
Summary
Many microbial species exist in dental biofilms on both hard and soft tissue oral surfaces. The composition and complexity of the biofilm depends on host responses, oral diseases and physical location in the oral cavity [7,8,9]. For these reasons the study of the oral ecosystem must take into account these factors. The ecosystem varies due to oral pathological processes such as periodontal disease and caries increasing the complexity and composition of the biofilm [10,11,12]. Carious lesions contain many acid-tolerant organisms including streptococci, lactobacilli, Actinomyces, Prevotellae and Candida yeasts [13]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
