Abstract
A baseline oral microbiome study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (TMM) was planned to characterize the profile of the oral microbiome in the Japanese population. The study also aimed to clarify risk factors for multifactorial diseases by integrated analysis of the oral microbiome and host genome/omics information. From 2013 to 2016, we collected three types of oral biospecimens, saliva, supragingival plaque, and tongue swab, from a total of 25,101 participants who had a dental examination in TMM. In this study, we used two independent cohorts; the Community-Based Cohort and Birth and Three-Generation Cohort as discovery and validation cohorts, respectively, and we selected participants examined by a single dentist. We found through the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis of 834 participants of the Community-Based Cohort Study that there are differences in the microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque. The species diversities in both saliva and plaque were increased in correlation with the severity of periodontal disease. These results were nicely reproduced in the analysis of 455 participants of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. In addition, strong positive and negative associations of microbial taxa in both plaque and saliva with periodontitis-associated biofilm formation were detected by co-occurrence network analysis. The classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli, including oral health-associated bacterial species, showed a positive correlation in saliva. These results revealed differences in microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque and a correlation between microbial species and the severity of periodontal disease. We expect that the large database of the oral microbiome in the TMM biobank will help in the discovery of novel targets for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases, as well as for the discovery of therapeutic and/or preventive targets of systemic diseases.
Highlights
A prospective genome cohort study with long-term observational data for large healthy populations is a key activity to elucidate the pathogenesis of multigenic and multifactorial diseases (Donnelly, 2008; McCarthy et al, 2008; Plomin et al, 2009)
We present the results of 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis using saliva and plaque of 1,289 cohort participants, in which 834 were from the Tohoku Medical Megabank (TMM) CommCohort Study, and 455 were from the TMM BirThree Cohort Study
We analyzed the b-diversity of saliva and plaque microbiomes in participants of the TMM BirThree Cohort Study independently and found that the findings discovered in the TMM CommCohort Study were reproducible in the TMM BirThree Cohort Study (Supplementary Figure S3)
Summary
A prospective genome cohort study with long-term observational data for large healthy populations is a key activity to elucidate the pathogenesis of multigenic and multifactorial diseases (Donnelly, 2008; McCarthy et al, 2008; Plomin et al, 2009). The project was conducted by the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) and Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (IMM). The aim of this project is to contribute to the health maintenance of residents in the tsunami devastated area and to form a solid foundation of personalized healthcare by strategically constructing two prospective genome cohorts and an integrated biobank (Fuse et al, 2019). The other is a birth and three-generation cohort study called the TMM Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study), which has a family-based prospective study design, including newborns and their parents, siblings, grandparents, and extended family members. In the TMM BirThree Cohort Study, we recruited 73,529 participants, including 22,493 mothers and 23,143 newborn children, from 2013 to 2017 (Kuriyama et al, 2019)
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