Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus has become a global epidemic and presents many complications, usually proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the different oral manifestations associated with Diabetes Mellitus.Material and MethodsA MEDLINE search for “Diabetes Mellitus and oral manifestations” was performed. A further search was conducted for “diabetes” and its individual oral manifestation. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human clinical studies with a minimum of 30 patients; studies published in relevant scientific journals between January 1998 and January 2016. Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, assessing the strength of scientific evidence according to recommendations made by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford (OCEBM), which permits adequate assessment of prevalence studies.ResultsA total 3,712 patients (2,084 diabetics) were included in the studies reviewed. Of the 19 studies analyzed, 4 were longitudinal studies and 15 cross-sectional studies. Periodontal disease, periapical lesions, xerostomia and taste disturbance were more prevalent among diabetic patients. An association between diabetes and caries and mucosal lesions proved positive in 5 out of 10 studies.ConclusionsDespite multiple oral manifestations associated with DM, awareness of the associations between diabetes, oral health, and general health is inadequate. It is necessary for doctors and dentists to be aware of the various oral manifestations of diabetes in order to make an early diagnosis. Key words:Diabetes Mellitus, oral manifestations, oral pathology.
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia accompanied to greater or lesser extent by alterations to carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms
Both reviewers agreed with the selection of articles. - Search strategy A literature search was performed in the MEDLINE database applying the search terms “Diabetes and Oral manifestations,” selecting transverse and longitudinal human studies published between January 1998 and January 2016
Twenty articles were excluded as they were reviews, two because they were case reports, two animal studies, one as it included fewer than 30 patients, one as it was not available in English, and four that did not deal with the oral manifestations of DM
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia accompanied to greater or lesser extent by alterations to carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms. Many studies have shown a clear link between chronic inflammation and the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) (2,3). Epidemiological studies indicate that the severity of diabetic complications is generally proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia (4). The objective of this review was to provide a systematic overview of the literature on the various oral manifestations that may occur in diabetic patients. Diabetes Mellitus has become a global epidemic and presents many complications, usually proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the different oral manifestations associated with Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions: Despite multiple oral manifestations associated with DM, awareness of the associations between diabetes, oral health, and general health is inadequate. It is necessary for doctors and dentists to be aware of the various oral manifestations of diabetes in order to make an early diagnosis
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