Oral lesions associated with smokeless tobacco users in Saudi Arabia: Single center cross-sectional study

Abstract

IntroductionSmokeless tobacco (SLT) causes significant harm to the oral cavity and is considered a risk factor for oral cancer. Various forms, products, and patterns of SLT are used across different populations. Many products, such as nicotine and betel nut, have addictive and carcinogenic properties. SLT use is associated with benign, premalignant, or malignant lesions. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of these oral lesions and their association with SLT exposure. Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study, performed at our institution’s Faculty of Dentistry, included all the patients with a history of using SLT within a 5-year period at the oral medicine clinic. The patients’ demographic details were collected, and information regarding habit, duration, frequency, site of placement, and history of habit discontinuity were recorded. If a biopsy was performed, the diagnoses were also reported. ResultsOf the 59 patients included, 89.8% were male and 10.2% were female. SLT lesions in the oral cavity were usually focal lesions (76.3%). The most preferred placement site by SLT users was the mandibular posterior vestibule. Follow-up of SLT patients after quitting or clinical changes in the placement site showed a 92.8% regression or complete healing of the lesions. Of the 59 patients who underwent SLT, 18.6% were diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. ConclusionThis study demonstrated a high percentage of remarkable regression or complete healing of SLT lesions related to early diagnosis and habit change. In contrast, 18.6% of the lesions progressed to SCC.