ORAL LESIONS AROUND DENTAL IMPLANTS: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this critical literature review was to investigate the evidence and reports regarding oral lesions around dental implants (DI). Study Design This literature review was prepared in accordance with the PRISMA statement and based on the proposed focused question. Specific descriptors were organized according to the PICO strategy, and a literature search was performed for PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Results The most related pathologic diseases around DI were described as mucositis and peri-implantitis. However, other lesions can appear, such as nonneoplastic proliferative lesions (pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell lesion, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and fibrous hyperplasia). Although rare, malignant neoplasms (squamous cell carcinoma) were reported. These pathologic changes in peri-implant tissue can negatively affect the implant success and survival rates of DI. The continuous care of DI with adequate control of the biofilm and the preservation of a sufficient amount of keratinized mucosa can prevent the development of most of these peri-implants lesions. Conclusions A wide variability of diseases can affect peri-implant tissues, a fact that demonstrates the necessity of a good clinical examination and complementary exams to determine a correct diagnosis. The aim of this critical literature review was to investigate the evidence and reports regarding oral lesions around dental implants (DI). This literature review was prepared in accordance with the PRISMA statement and based on the proposed focused question. Specific descriptors were organized according to the PICO strategy, and a literature search was performed for PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The most related pathologic diseases around DI were described as mucositis and peri-implantitis. However, other lesions can appear, such as nonneoplastic proliferative lesions (pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell lesion, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and fibrous hyperplasia). Although rare, malignant neoplasms (squamous cell carcinoma) were reported. These pathologic changes in peri-implant tissue can negatively affect the implant success and survival rates of DI. The continuous care of DI with adequate control of the biofilm and the preservation of a sufficient amount of keratinized mucosa can prevent the development of most of these peri-implants lesions. A wide variability of diseases can affect peri-implant tissues, a fact that demonstrates the necessity of a good clinical examination and complementary exams to determine a correct diagnosis.