Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an uncommon disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by the proliferation of Langerhans cells. Oral involvement can produce lesions that mimic periodontal and periradicular inflammatory lesions, but peri-implant lesions have been rarely described. A 40-year-old man diagnosed as having cutaneous involvement by Langerhans cell histiocytosis 4 years before was referred for evaluation of progressive alveolar bone loss lasting 8 months. Panoramic radiography showed extensive bone resorption in all 4 quadrants but especially in the anterior mandible and left posterior maxilla. In some areas the bone loss was associated with dental implants. Clinical diagnosis was Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and a biopsy performed in the anterior mandible confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was referred by the hematology service for treatment and is under clinical follow-up in the oral and maxillofacial surgery service.

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