Abstract
The first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were reported in 1981 in patients with a high decline in immune response. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can manifest itself through various signs and symptoms. The oral cavity is an extremely important way for diagnosis and prognosis, because oral lesions may present as clinical signs of disease progression or ineffective antiretroviral treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate, diagnose and intervene in the oral lesions present in a patient with HIV infection. A case report study was conducted on a patient treated at the Dr. Antônio Comte Telles Polyclinic (Specialized Assistance Service for HIV / AIDS) in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Lesions found in the patient were Leukemia, Smoker's Melanosis and Oral Candidiasis, the latter being treated with tongue hygiene and application of VegelipR associated with laser therapy. It was observed that the treatment was effective and in five sessions there was improvement in the lesion. Oral manifestations are closely related to the HIV virus, since they may be associated with infection and / or disease progression, indicating deficiency in the immune system, as well as interruption of antiretroviral treatment. Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection that, if properly diagnosed and treated, contributes to the improvement of the immune system. It is concluded that the knowledge of the dentist regarding the pathologies and their manifestations is important, as well as a multidisciplinary work in the reference centers for HIV. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Oral Injury, Dentistry.
Highlights
IntroductionIn 1981 in the United States of America, the first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were reported in homosexual male patients who had a high decline in immune response, related to the onset of several cases of Pneumocystis carinni pneumonia and Sarcoma
Oral manifestations can often lead to the initial diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as they result from compromised immune systems and studies indicate that oral lesions can occur in more than 50% of patients with HIV / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Some mouth lesions are characteristic of HIV infection such as oral candidiasis, a fungal lesion that is the most common in HIV seropositive patients
Summary
In 1981 in the United States of America, the first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were reported in homosexual male patients who had a high decline in immune response, related to the onset of several cases of Pneumocystis carinni pneumonia and Sarcoma. After HIV infection, some clinical manifestations are observed, such as fever, malaise, which are initial manifestations, disappearing within a few days into the latency period, which leads to a decrease in CD4 + T cells in the lymphoid tissues and tissue destruction. The CD4 + T cell count decreases and may drop below 200 per mm[3], in which case the patient has immune deficiency, becoming susceptible to infections and opportunistic diseases are classified as AIDS. Attempting to defend the body becomes ineffective because the response of the immune system to HIV eventually spreads the infection[2]
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