Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a well-known predisposing factor for oral diseases, so prevention in an early age is mandatory. Objective: To provide oral screening for children living with type 1 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the oral and general health indexes of T1DM children and compare these data to healthy siblings and controls. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 DM patients and 78 siblings, thereafter 80 DM children and 95 controls, took part. A detailed questionnaire, panoramic radiographs, and lateral cephalograms were obtained in every orthodontic consultation. We used Pearson’s chi-square test for statistical analysis and compared the data of the study and control groups. Results: The oral health values of DM children were significantly better (DMF-T 0.83–1.3) than the national average (3.8–4.5). A total of 75% (n = 60) of the children needed orthodontic treatment for orthodontic or skeletal anomalies. The prevalence of skeletal anomalies was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in the control group. The frequency of coeliac disease was significantly elevated compared to any literature data (1–3.5%) in the study (15%) and in the control sibling group (13%). Conclusions: Co-morbidities such as CD should get more attention as a prognostic factor for a future higher incidence of diabetes. T1DM children can be motivated and health-conscious patients with excellent oral hygiene and dental status. Orthodontic treatment can help eliminate the oral complications of DM. Special diabetes ambulances may help provide oral care for patients with DM.
Highlights
In 2018 and 2019, we collected the data of 120 children with T1DM at on-site patient events
We compared the data of 120 children with T1DM with those of their siblings (n = 78) in terms of general and oral health and the frequency of skeletal orthodontic anomalies (Table 1) and found that skeletal orthodontic anomalies were far more common among the children with T1DM (92%) than among the sibling controls (76%)
We examined the metabolic parameters and the types of insulin therapy of children living with T1DM
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic illness that affects 420 million people worldwide and approximately 700,000 people in Hungary. In 2019, more than 600,000 children under the age of 15 had diabetes worldwide, and 1 in every 600 children had type 1 diabetes in Hungary [1,2,3]. 90% of affected patients have type 2 DM (T2DM), and 10% have T1DM.
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