Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Is there a relationship between oral health status and inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Due to their heterogeneity, only six articles about the prevalence of periodontal disease in IBD patients were included in the meta-analysis. Both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients had an increased odds of periodontitis coincidence compared to the controls, more than 2- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, in most studies, patients with IBD were characterized by higher values of caries indices. In conclusion, despite the conducted systematic review, the risk of oral diseases in IBD patients cannot be clearly established due to the possible association of other factors, e.g., sociodemographic or environmental factors.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity
Carious lesions are formed due to changes occurring in the biofilm and disturbances in the neutral environment of the oral cavity, causing the demineralization of enamel [5]
Periodontal diseases with alveolar bone destruction appear as a result of dysbiosis, often in patients with an impaired host response [7]
Summary
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity. Apart from the patient’s hygiene and dietary habits, other factors, such as medication and systemic diseases, that may affect saliva secretion are important in the development of caries [6]. On the other hand, smoking can mask signs of bleeding on probing due to the contraction of the microvessels [10]. Both in the progression of IBD and periodontal disease, the key role is played by immunoinflammatory processes involving cytokines responsible for tissue destruction [11,12]. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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