Oral health of people experiencing homelessness in London: a mixed methods study

Abstract

BackgroundThose experiencing homelessness have significant health and oral health needs and are at the extreme of health inequalities. The aim of the study was to conduct an oral health needs assessment for those experiencing homeless in London and impacts on their oral health-related quality of life.MethodsThe oral health needs assessment consisted of quantitative and qualitative methods. This included a survey questionnaire to assess perceived oral health needs, and oral health related quality of life. In addition, a focus group was conducted with 13 peer advocates.ResultsFindings from the focus group revealed numerous challenges for homeless populations to maintain good oral health and access to dental care including mental ill-health, stigma, costs, and chaotic lifestyles. A response rate of 79% (n = 315) was achieved for the questionnaire survey. Results showed high levels of unmet dental needs and risky health behaviours including 60% reporting being smokers, 39% consuming high amounts of sugar and 52.4% brushing their teeth less than twice a day. More than a third (32.1%) had experienced toothache. The majority of respondents 80% (n = 224) were very or fairly concerned about their dental health. There were significant associations between perceived oral health status and oral health-related quality of life.ConclusionThose experiencing homelessness in London were found to have high levels of unmet oral health needs, which significantly impacted on their oral health-related quality of life. Focusing on changing behaviours alone is insufficient and therefore addressing the structural determinants of homelessness is vital in improving oral and health outcomes of this vulnerable population.