Abstract
BackgroundTo determine the association between oral health condition and development of frailty over a 12-month period in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsPopulation-based, case-cohort study derived from the Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults (COSFOMA) study, including data from years 2015 and 2016. Using latent class analysis, we determined the oral health condition of older adults with teeth (t0), i.e., functional teeth, presence of coronal caries, root caries, periodontal disease, dental calculus, dental biofilm, root remains, xerostomia, and need for dental prosthesis. Edentulous was considered as a separate class. Criteria of the Frailty Phenotype (t1) by Fried et al. were used: weight loss, self-report of exhaustion, walking speed, decreased muscle strength, and low physical activity. The presence of three or more criteria indicated a frail condition. The strength of the association (odds ratio, OR) between oral health condition and development of frailty was estimated through bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for the other variables of study: sociodemographic data (sex, age, marital status, level of education, paid work activity, and living alone), comorbidities, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, nutritional status, and use of oral health services.Results663 non-frail older adults were evaluated, with a mean age of 68.1 years (SD ± 6.1), of whom 55.7% were women. In t0, a three-class model with an acceptable value was obtained (entropy = 0.796). The study participants were classified as: edentulous persons (6.9%); Class 1 = Acceptable oral health (57.9%); Class 2 = Somewhat acceptable oral health (13.9%); and Class 3 = Poor oral health (21.3%). In t1, 18.0% (n = 97) of participants developed frailty. Using Acceptable oral health (Class 1) as a reference, we observed that older adults with edentulism (OR 4.1, OR adjusted 2.3) and Poor oral health (OR 2.4, OR adjusted 2.2) were at an increased risk of developing frailty compared to those with Acceptable oral health.ConclusionOlder adults with edentulism and poor oral health had an increased risk of developing frailty over a 12-month period.
Highlights
To determine the association between oral health condition and development of frailty over a 12-month period in community-dwelling older adults
This study aimed to determine the strength of the association between oral health conditions and development of frailty over a 12-month period in older adults
COSFOMA is a longitudinal study that began in 2014 using a random population sample of 1252 older individuals (60 years and older) who were affiliated with the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS)
Summary
To determine the association between oral health condition and development of frailty over a 12-month period in community-dwelling older adults. It is estimated that for the year 2050, the number of dependent older adults will be multiplied by four in developing countries due to physical and mental health problems, as well as frailty [2, 3]. Frailty is one of the most common conditions faced by older adults. It is a physiological state characterized by decreased body capacity and resistance to stressors, resulting from the cumulative decline of multiple physiological systems [4, 5]. Frailty is associated with an increased state of vulnerability and dependence, which increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, delirium and disability [3,4,5] Several potential risk factors could be responsible for the development of frailty, such as: Chronic diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment); physiological factors (active inflammatory processes, anemia, age, immune system dysfunction, endocrine system disruption, underweight or overweight and malnutrition) [6, 7]; sociodemographic and psychological factors (gender, low socioeconomic status, depression, race or ethnicity); and disabilities affecting activities of daily living [6].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
