Abstract
BackgroundIn recent decades low-income countries experienced an increasing trend in dental caries among children, particularly recorded in 12-year olds, which is the principal WHO indicator age group for children. This increases the risks of negative affects on children's life. Some data exist on the oral health status of children in low-income countries of Southeast Asia. However, information on how oral health is associated with socio-behavioural factors is almost not available. The aims of this study were to: assess the level of oral health of Lao 12-year-olds in urban and semi-urban settings; study the impact of poor oral health on quality of life; analyse the association between oral health and socio-behavioural factors; investigate the relation between obesity and oral health.MethodsA cross sectional study of 12-year old schoolchildren chosen by multistage random sampling in Vientiane, Lao P.D.R (hereafter Laos). The final study population comprised 621 children. The study consisted of: clinical registration of caries and periodontal status, and scores for dental trauma according to WHO; structured questionnaire; measurement of anthropometric data. Frequency distributions for bi-variate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were used for assessment of statistical association between variables.ResultsMean DMFT was 1.8 (SEM = 0.09) while caries prevalence was 56% (CI95 = 52-60). Prevalence of gingival bleeding was 99% (CI95 = 98-100) with 47% (CI95 = 45-49) of present teeth affected. Trauma was observed in 7% (CI95 = 5-9) of the children. High decay was seen in children with dental visits and frequent consumption of sweet drinks. Missed school classes, tooth ache and several impairments of daily life activities were associated with a high dD-component. No associations were found between Body Mass Index (BMI) and oral health or common risk factors. The multivariate analyses revealed high risk for caries for children with low or moderate attitude towards health, a history of dental visits and a preference for drinking sugary drinks during school hours. Low risk was found for children with good or average perception of own oral health. High risk for gingival bleeding was seen in semi-urban children and boys.ConclusionAlthough the caries level is low it causes considerable negative impact on daily life. School based health promotion should be implemented focussing on skills based learning and attitudes towards health.
Highlights
In recent decades low-income countries experienced an increasing trend in dental caries among children, recorded in 12-year olds, which is the principal World Health Organization (WHO) indicator age group for children
The aim of this study is to describe the oral health status of 12-year old urban and semi-urban Lao schoolchildren and how oral health is linked to socio-behavioural risk factors
Multivariate analyses Other factors being equal, the analyses revealed a relatively high dental caries score in children who reported dental visits in recent 12 months and in children with a moderate attitude towards health while a lower caries level was seen among children who perceived their own oral health status as good or average (Table 7)
Summary
In recent decades low-income countries experienced an increasing trend in dental caries among children, recorded in 12-year olds, which is the principal WHO indicator age group for children. This increases the risks of negative affects on children's life. The aims of this study were to: assess the level of oral health of Lao 12-year-olds in urban and semiurban settings; study the impact of poor oral health on quality of life; analyse the association between oral health and socio-behavioural factors; investigate the relation between obesity and oral health. The oral cavity has a multitude of functions in relation to daily life such as food intake, speech, social contact and appearance. While poor dental status among children has a negative effect on speech development, it may have a socially stigmatising effect in adolescents affecting social acceptance [3]
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