Oral health and glycosylated hemoglobin among type 1 diabetes children in South India

Abstract

The study was an attempt to evaluate the relationship between oral health status and the level of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients. The study was carried out in 87 children with type 1 diabetes, aged 8-16 years, attending a diabetes specialty hospital. The oral health of these patients was measured using the WHO 1997 Oral Health Survey criteria for diagnosis of dental caries, gingival index, and plaque index. Samples were then divided into two groups as controlled (≤6.99% glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) and uncontrolled (≥7% HbA1c) diabetes as per the guidelines for glycemic control in diabetics given by the American Diabetes Association. The oral health between the groups was compared. Data were statistically analyzed using student t-test. Results showed a significant difference in decayed, missing, and filled surface component (P = 0.043) and gingival index scores (P< 0.001) in the permanent dentition between controlled and uncontrolled groups but not in case of the primary dentition. The data findings suggest that metabolic control had an impact on caries prevalence and gingival health of these patients, in case of permanent dentition. As the glycemic control became poorer, the caries prevalence and gingival inflammation increased. When primary dentition was taken into consideration, the correlation was not significant.