Oral Fluoroquinolones and the Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Symptomatic Retinal Breaks: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

To examine whether oral fluoroquinolone antibiotics are associated with an increase in subsequent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and symptomatic retinal breaks in a large population-based cohort. Population-based cohort study. Adult residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who were prescribed oral fluoroquinolone medications from January 1, 2003, to June 30, 2011. Comparison cohorts consisted of patients prescribed oral macrolide and β-lactam antibiotics during the study period. Procedure codes were used to identify retinal detachment repair and prophylaxis procedures occurring within 1 year of prescription dates. Travel clinic, pro re nata, and self-treatment prescriptions were excluded. Patients with tractional retinal detachment, previous retinal detachment repair, endophthalmitis, and necrotizing retinitis were excluded, as were those with intraocular surgery or severe head/eye trauma ≤90 days before the procedure. Rates of retinal detachment repair and prophylaxis procedures within 7, 30, 90, and 365 days of the first prescription were calculated and compared between antibiotic prescription cohorts using chi-square tests. Retinal detachment repair rates also were compared with the expected Olmsted County, Minnesota, rates using the one-sample log-rank test. Oral fluoroquinolones were prescribed for 38,046 patients (macrolide n = 48,074, β-lactam n = 69,079) during the study period. Retinal detachment repair procedures were performed within 365 days of the first prescription in 0.03% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.06) of the fluoroquinolone cohort, 0.02% (95% CI, 0.01-0.03) of the macrolide cohort, and 0.03% (95% CI, 0.02-0.05) of the β-lactam cohort (P > 0.05). Retinal detachment prophylaxis procedures for symptomatic retinal breaks were performed within 365 days of the first prescription in 0.01% (95% CI, 0.00-0.03) of the fluoroquinolone cohort, 0.02% (95% CI, 0.01-0.04) of the macrolide cohort, and 0.02% (95% CI, 0.01-0.04) of the β-lactam cohort (P > 0.05). Similar comparisons of treatment rates within 7, 30, and 90 days of the first prescription were all nonsignificant between cohorts. Post-fluoroquinolone retinal detachment repair rates were similar to expected rates (36.8 per 100,000/year vs. 28.8 per 100,000/year for age- and sex-matched historical rates, P = 0.35). Oral fluoroquinolone use was not associated with an increased risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment or symptomatic retinal breaks in this population-based study.