Oral Dysfunction in Patients with Oral Cancer Could Occur Before Treatment and Require Early Nutritional Improvement: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Patients with oral cancer have poor nutritional status before treatment. However, there have been no reports of the detailed evaluation of preoperative oral function in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the preoperative oral function of patients with OSCC and examine the relationship with nutritional status. Oral function measurements (microorganisms, oral dryness, occlusal force, tongue pressure, masticatory function, EatingAssessment Tool, and Postoperative Oral Dysfunction Scale) and Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) data were collected from 51 patients with OSCC (men: 37, women: 14, mean age: 72.1years) who visited the Shimane University Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, from September 2019 to September 2021. The tongue was the most prevalent primary gingiva site [22 patients (43.1%)], and 36 patients (70.6%) had advanced cancer. Comparisons between nutritional status and each related factor revealed significant differences in the number of individuals in the household, cancer stage, presence of pulmonary disease, number of teeth, microorganisms (grade), and masticatory function (mg/dL) (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis using the total MNA-SF score as the dependent variable with adjustment for confounding factors showed significant association between oral dryness and tongue pressure (p < 0.05). No significant association was found for the Eating Assessment Tool or Postoperative Oral Dysfunction scale. Patients with OSCC may have decreased oral function because of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, which causes a decline in nutritional status. Preoperative interventions are necessary to improve nutrition based on the state of oral function.