Oral delivery of solid lipid nanoparticles surface decorated with hyaluronic acid and bovine serum albumin: A novel approach to treat colon cancer through active targeting

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The present study aims to prepare and evaluate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with irinotecan (IRN) drug and daidzein (DZN) isoflavonoid and surface coated with ligand materials such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with additional coating of chitosan for active targeting to receptors present on colon surface epithelium for oral targeted delivery. The optimized batch was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential exhibiting nanometric size with good entrapment efficiency. Nanoparticles were found to be spherical. FTIR and DSC revealed that all the excipients and formulation were compatabile to each other and showed better encapsulation exhibiting amorphous and crystallinity forms. In vitro drug release of SLNs confirmed that initially a burst release, followed by sustained release pattern was exhibited. Cell lines studied performed on HT-29 cells showed demonstrated that conjugated SLNs inhibited cytotoxicity at 75 μg/ml, indicating that cells were taken up through a receptor-mediated endocytosis process. Cell cycle analysis showed that cell arrest was done at 67.8 % (G0/G1 phase) and inhibited apoptosis by 56 %. Further during In vivo studies, RT-PCR study revealed downregulation of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a non-specific serum biomarker overexpressed in tumor cells and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Histopathological study revealed that conjugated (HA-BSA) coated with chitosan SLNs restored normal mucosa and colon architecture, depicting all mucosal layers. Hence, these conjugated SLNs may serve as a novel combination for the treatment of colon cancer.