Oral conditions, periodontal status and periodontal treatment need of chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the periodontal status and periodontal treatment need (TN) of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methodology: All the patients with CKD who presented at the renal out-patient clinic of the University of Lagos University Teaching Hospital were recruited into the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire with open and closed questions comprising demographic details such as age and gender, year of diagnosis, and stage of kidney disease and dialysis. Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) of Green and Vermilion and Community Periodontal Index of TN were used to assess the patients' periodontal status. Results: Participants' age ranged between 21 years and 73 years with a mean age of 45.14 ΁ 14.14. Of the 65 participants, males were 64.6% and females were 35.5%. More than half of the participants were diagnosed within the last 5 years (54.6%). The cause of renal disease in 41 of them (63.1%) was hypertension. Other causes such as chronic glomerular nephritis (4.6%), diabetes mellitus (4.6%), and hypertensive heart disease (3.1%) were also mentioned. Nearly, 6.2% had no known cause. About a fifth of the participants (16.9%) had other systemic conditions such as diabetes. Their mean OHI-S was 1.96 ΁ 0.90. About two-thirds of the participants had CPI score of 2, and the major treatment needed was code 2 consisting of scaling, polishing, and root planing. Conclusion: Majority of the CKD patients reviewed had poor periodontal status with code 2 TN. We, therefore, recommend nonsurgical periodontal treatment for all CKD patients to improve their oral health and forestall the systemic effects of periodontal pathology.