Oral Complications From the Treatment of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers

Abstract

Background: Patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer (OC/OP) often develop treatmentassociated complications in the oral cavity. Dentists play a significant role in recognizing and managing treatment-associated oral complications of OC/OP.Methods: Utilizing a combination of the latest published literature, clinical guidelines and textbooks, we summarized the short- and long-term oral complications that can arise in patients undergoing treatment for oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancers and provide dental treatment guidelines for oral health practitioners.Results: Treatment-associated side effects for OC/OP cancers include both acute and chronic toxicities. Short-term complications include oral mucositis, infections, bleeding, immune-related adverse events and taste disturbances. Long-term complications include osteoradionecrosis, salivary gland dysfunction, dental caries, trismus, neuropathic pain and secondary cancers.Conclusions: Continued improvements in treatment methods for OC/OP cancers have increased the average life expectancy after diagnosis. However, the sequelae of oral complications following treatment for OC/OP cancers is complex and often has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life.Practical implications: Dental providers have an important role in the evaluation and management of patients’ oral health before, during and following treatment for OC/OP cancers.