Oral candidosis and oral hairy leukoplakia as predictors of HAART failure in Brazilian HIV‐infected patients

Abstract

Oral candidosis (OC) and hairy leukoplakia (OHL) are important markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection immune status. to evaluate if OC and/or OHL should be considered clinical predictors of immune and virologic failure on HIV-infected Brazilian adults undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). 124 HIV-infected patients who used HAART for a minimum of six months were prospectively evaluated. All of them under-took oral examination and serum CD4+ count and viral load (VL), being divided in two groups, P and A, respectively according to the presence or absence of OC and/or OHL. During a six month period, patients belonging to group A were followed. They were re-examined for new oral lesions. New blood samples were collected and they were subdivided into groups P6 and A6. CD4+ count and VL were compared between groups at baseline and after the six months period. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and relative risk (RR) were obtained in order to assess the accuracy of using OC and OHL as predictors of immune and virologic failure, at baseline and after a six month period. At baseline and after six months, patients with OC and OHL have mean CD4+ count lower and mean VL higher than patients of group A and A6 (p < 0.001). OC had high PPV for immune failure and a moderated PPV for virologic failure. OHL had low PPVs for both measures. OC and OHL still indicate low serum CD4+ count and high VL, but OC seems to be a better predictor of immune and virologic failure in patients undergoing HAART than OHL.