Oral Budesonide and low serum albumin levels at surgery are associated with a higher risk of postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications after primary ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease: A retrospective analysis of 853 consecutive patients

Abstract

Background and AimsThe terminal ileum is the most frequent site of Crohn's Disease (CD) that necessitates surgery. Of the postoperative complications (POCs) associated with ileocaecal resection for CD, intra-abdominal septic complications (IASCs) include anastomotic leak, abscesses, and entero-cutaneous fistula.We aimed to identify predictors of IASCs and severe POCs (Clavien-Dindo ≥3) after primary ileocaecal resection for CD. MethodsThis is a retrospective single-centre cohort study including all consecutive primary ileocaecal resection for CD in a tertiary IBD centre between 2004 and 2021. ResultsA total of 853 patients underwent primary ileocaecal resection for CD. 307 (36.6 %) patients were receiving antibiotics, 253 (29.8 %), systemic steroids, and 178 (21.0 %) oral budesonide at surgery. At 90 days, 260 (30.8 %) patients developed POCs, 62 (7.3 %) severe POCs, and 56 (6.6 %) IASCs. At multivariate analysis, severe POCs were associated with lower preoperative albumin levels (OR1.58, 95 %CI 1.02–2.50, p = 0.040) and a history of cardiovascular diseases (OR2.36, 95 %CI 1.08–7.84, p = 0.030). IASCs were associated with lower preoperative albumin levels (OR1.81, 95 %CI 1.15–2.94, p = 0.011) and oral budesonide (OR2.07, 95 %CI 1.12–3.83, p = 0.021) with a dose-dependent effect. ConclusionsThe independent association, dose-dependent effect, and biological plausibility of budesonide and IASCs suggest a robust causal effect. Oral budesonide should be carefully assessed before primary ileocaecal resection for CD.