Oral and Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Jatropha integerrima Leaves Extract in Relation to Its Metabolite Profile.

Engy A Mahrous,Abeer A A Salama,Ahmed M Salama,Soheir M El-Zalabani,Ahmed H Elosaily

doi:10.3390/plants11020218

Engy A Mahrous, Abeer A A Salama + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020218

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Abstract

Jatropha integerrima Jacq., family: Euphorbiaceae, is used in India and subtropical Africa to treat different skin conditions. In this study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of J. integerrima leaves extract (JILE) using rat paw edema model. The extract was administered orally (200 and 400 mg/kg) or applied topically as creams at 2.5, 5, and 10% strength. Four hours post-treatment, maximum reduction of edema volume by 63.09% was observed after oral administration of JILE (400 mg/kg) as compared to indomethacin with 60.43%. The extract anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by a decrease in NO, prostaglandin PGE2, TNF-α and PKC levels by 19, 29.35, 16.9, and 47.83%, respectively. Additionally, topical applications of JILE showed dose dependent reduction in paw edema and resulted in normalized levels of PGE2, TNF-α, and PKC when used as 10% cream. Signs of inflammations were reduced or absent from paw tissue of animals receiving JILE either orally or topically. Finally, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of JILE resulted in the annotation of 133 metabolites including 24 diterpenoids, 19 flavonoids, 10 phenolic acid conjugates, 8 cyclic peptides, 6 phytosterols, 4 sesquiterpenes, and 4 coumarins. Several of the annotated metabolites have known anti-inflammatory activity including vitexin, isovitexin, fraxitin, scopeltin, stigmasterol, and many diterpenoidal derivatives.

Highlights

The genus Jatropha has a wide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions especially South America, West Africa, India, and Southeast Asia [1,2].Many members of the genus were used medicinally in their indigenous countries such asJ. gossypifolia, J. curcas, J. chevalieri, and J. multifida [3]
Rats treated with J. integerrima leaves extract (JILE) at a high dose of 5 g/kg did not show any skin abnormalities or changes in respiratory, circulatory, and somatomotor activities as well as behavior pattern
Our investigation showed that Jatropha integerrima leaves extract (JILE) possess an anti-inflammatory effect when used in rat paw edema model

Summary

Introduction

The genus Jatropha (family Euphorbiaceae) has a wide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions especially South America, West Africa, India, and Southeast Asia [1,2].Many members of the genus were used medicinally in their indigenous countries such asJ. gossypifolia, J. curcas, J. chevalieri, and J. multifida [3]. The genus Jatropha (family Euphorbiaceae) has a wide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions especially South America, West Africa, India, and Southeast Asia [1,2]. Leaves and latex from Jatropha plants are especially useful in treating skin conditions such as ulcers, blisters, eczema and to accelerate wound healing [4,5,6]. The genus is rich in bioactive secondary metabolites especially diterpenoids of tigliane, lathyrane, and jatrophane skeletons which exist mainly as esters [7,8]. Among more than 175 Jatropha species, only few species were chemically investigated. As a result of these investigations, many structurally unique and bioactive phytochemicals were identified including flavonoids, cyclic peptides, lignans, and diterpenes [1,3]

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