Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV-1 patients.

Tatiany Oliveira De Alencar Menezes,Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto,Marília Corrêa Rodrigues,Brenna Magdalena Lima Nogueira,Sílvio Augusto Fernandes De Menezes,Sílvia Helena Marques Da Silva

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0179-2014

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the most frequent oral and systemic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients. The study was conducted on 300 HIV-1 patients attending the Reference Unit Specialized in Special Infectious Parasitic Diseases in Belém, Pará, Brazil. The most prevalent oral conditions were caries (32.6%), candidiasis (32%), and periodontal disease (17%). Among the systemic manifestations, hepatitis (29.2%), gastritis (16%), arterial hypertension (14.7%), and tuberculosis (12%) were the most commonly observed. We here reported on the most prevalent oral and systemic conditions in HIV-1-positive patients. The healthcare professional's knowledge of the various manifestations among these patients is fundamental to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment, and for improving the quality of life of these patients.

Highlights

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the most frequent oral and systemic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 48(1):83-86, Jan-Feb, 2015 that oral lesions correspond to infections caused mainly by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, in addition to tumors and other entities of unknown cause, and numerous studies have confirmed the relationship between HIV-mediated immunosuppression and the incidence and severity of common periodontal diseases such as adult chronic periodontitis(1) (5)
Oral candidiasis was one of the most frequent manifestations, observed in 32% of the cases. This result is in agreement with that of Pomatico et al(12), who reported a high rate of HIV-1 individuals with fungal infections due to deep alterations in their immune systems; in such patients, candidiasis is the first lesion to manifest itself, with a reported frequency between 3% and 30%

Summary

Introduction

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the most frequent oral and systemic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients. Symptomatic disease occurs as the patient begins to present with changes in immunity, as indicated by the appearance of opportunistic infections and a reduced TCD4+ cell count.

Objectives

Results

Conclusion