Abstract
Effects of amodiaquine, artesunate and artesunate amodiaquine combination on open field novelty-induced behaviors and spatial memory in healthy mice were studied. Forty mice were used in the open field and fifty each in the radial arm maze and Y maze; mice were assigned into four or five groups of ten each, Group A served as control (distilled water), Groups B, C and D received artesunate (4 mg/kg), amodiaquine (10 mg/kg) and artesunate-amodiaquine combination (4 mg/kg and10 mg/kg) respectively, while Group E animals (for the cognition tests) were given scopolamine (2 mg/kg). Drugs and vehicle were administered orally for three days. Results were analysed by one way analysis of variance followed by a posthoc test. Results showed that artesunate and amodiaquine either in combination or administered singly caused a significant increase in open field novelty-induced horizontal locomotion and rearing. Grooming in the open field showed increments in the artesunate alone and artesunate amodiaquine groups while significant reductions in spatial memory were also seen in the cognition models used.
Highlights
The increasing incidence of drug-resistant parasites in a number of malaria endemic countries has resulted in artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) becoming recommended the first-line treatment of falciparum malaria worldwide [1]
The efficacy of ACTs, artesunate amodiaquine combination included in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in malaria endemic regions is well documented [3,4,5,6]
On Day 3 there was a significant (F = 363.19, p < 0.05) increase in horizontal locomotion in all treatment groups compared to control animals that received artesunate amodiaquine combination showed a significant increase compared to those that received either artesunate or amodiaquine alone
Summary
The increasing incidence of drug-resistant parasites in a number of malaria endemic countries has resulted in artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) becoming recommended the first-line treatment of falciparum malaria worldwide [1]. Combination regimens are known to clear malaria rapidly, hasten recovery and reduce transmission in areas of low endemicity [2]. Artesunate amodiaquine (AA) is one of two commonly used ACTs available, the other being artesunate lumefantrine. AA is available in a number of formulations, including fixed-dose or co packaged. The efficacy of ACTs, artesunate amodiaquine combination included in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in malaria endemic regions is well documented [3,4,5,6]. Artesunate is a derivative of artemisinin (qinghaosu)
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