Abstract
The antitumor effects of a partially purified water extract from Euglena gracilis (EWE) and EWE treated by boiling (bEWE) were evaluated using orthotopic lung cancer syngeneic mouse models with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Daily oral administration of either EWE or bEWE started three weeks prior to the inoculation of LLC cells significantly attenuated tumor growth as compared to the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control, and the attenuation was further enhanced by bEWE. The intestinal microbiota compositions in both extract-treated groups were more diverse than that in the PBS group. Particularly, a decrease in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and significant increases in Akkermansia and Muribaculum were observed in two types of EWE-treated groups. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using bEWE-treated mouse feces attenuated tumor growth to an extent equivalent to bEWE treatment, while tumor growth attenuation by bEWE was abolished by treatment with an antibiotic cocktail. These studies strongly suggest that daily oral administration of partially purified water extracts from Euglena gracilis attenuates lung carcinoma growth via the alteration of the intestinal microbiota.
Highlights
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer type in both sexes and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, comprising one in five cancer-related deaths worldwide [1].lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death even among individuals who have never smoked [2,3]
The present study revealed that oral administration of Euglena water extracts (EWE and boiled Euglena water extract (bEWE)) prevents lung cancer growth in an orthotopic syngeneic mouse model
The Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and ABX studies confirmed that the attenuation of lung carcinoma growth in mice by Euglena water extracts is associated with the alteration of the gut microbiota
Summary
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer type in both sexes and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, comprising one in five cancer-related deaths worldwide [1].lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death even among individuals who have never smoked [2,3]. Many new strategies for cancer prevention and treatment are being implemented, lung cancer is predicted to cause the greatest number of deaths in 2021, in comparison to other cancer types [4]. Novel prevention and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer are urgently needed. Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) is a single-celled, flagellated, fast-proliferating microalga that is rich in nutrients [6]. This alga can be found in both fresh and saltwater and possesses characteristics of both plants and animals [7]. Our previous study showed that the partially purified extract derived from E. gracilis prevents lung carcinoma growth in mice by stimulating host antitumor immunity through the attenuation of myeloidderived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations [19]
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