Abstract
BackgroundInflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders that are mediated by pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that taheebo water extract (TWE) derived from Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb., as folk remedy, has been used to treat various inflammatory diseases. Although TWE has been previously shown to display anti-inflammatory activities, the in vivo effects of TWE on mucosal immune responses remain unclear.MethodsWe examined the anti-inflammatory effects of TWE on innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages and also on the differentiation of T helper cells. Lastly, adopting a method for dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, we investigated whether the oral administration of TWE can modulate mucosal inflammatory responses.ResultsWe found that TWE could activate DCs to produce immunosuppressive IL10 and polarize macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Such alterations in DCs and macrophages resulted in a significant increase in anti-inflammatory Th2 and Foxp3+ Treg cells and a dramatic decrease in pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells in the MLN. Upon induction of colitis with DSS treatment, TWE significantly reduced the clinical symptoms, including body weight loss and colonic tissue inflammation, by up-regulating type II T helper immune responses.ConclusionsTaken together, these data suggest that TWE is an excellent natural product with therapeutic effects to help improve inflammatory disorders such as colitis.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders that are mediated by pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells
M1 macrophages that are polarized by interferon γ (IFNγ) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with inflammation and gut destruction, whereas M2 macrophages that are polarized by IL4 have antiinflammatory functions that are associated with tissue repair, which indicates that the modulation of macrophage polarization could be a therapeutic strategy for IBD [5]
taheebo water extract (TWE) enhances both maturation and M2 polarization of macrophages Because emerging evidence indicates that macrophages are involved in regulating various immune responses, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we investigated whether TWE regulates both maturation and phenotypes of macrophages
Summary
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders that are mediated by pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. TWE has been previously shown to display anti-inflammatory activities, the in vivo effects of TWE on mucosal immune responses remain unclear. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders that are elicited by the breakdown of immune tolerance. Host immune systems profoundly contribute to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and controlling the pathogenesis of IBD. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) can induce the differentiation of Th17 cells, but when stimulated by retinoic acid (RA) DCs can induce Treg cells [3]. The differentiation of intestinal forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ Treg cells is induced by RA-producing DCs, and these Treg cells produce the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10) for gut homeostasis [4]. M1 macrophages that are polarized by interferon γ (IFNγ) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with inflammation and gut destruction, whereas M2 macrophages that are polarized by IL4 have antiinflammatory functions that are associated with tissue repair, which indicates that the modulation of macrophage polarization could be a therapeutic strategy for IBD [5]
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