OR24-4 Targeting Hyperglucagonemia Reverses Glucagon Resistance

Abstract

Abstract Elevation of glucagon levels and increase in alpha-cell mass are associated with states of hyperglycemia in diabetes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing glucagon secretion could have major implications in understanding abnormal responses to hypoglycemia in diabetic patients and provide novel avenues for diabetes management. Stimulation of glucagon secretion in hypoglycemia, or by amino acids, induces hepatic glucose production via cellular mechanisms including suppression of glycogenesis and glycolysis and stimulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The close link between amino acids and the alpha-cell is highlighted by the liver–alpha-cell axis. This axis was identified by the major increase in alpha-cell hyperplasia and hyperglucagonemia in models of reduced glucagon action in hepatocytes genetically or pharmacologically by treatment with glucagon receptor antagonists, which was subsequently attributed to the dramatic rise in amino acids. Induction of mTORC1 by constitutive genetic deletion of TSC2 in alpha-cells (aTSC2KO) recapitulated the effects of chronic hyperaminoacidemia with increases in alpha-cell mass and chronic hyperglucagonemia indicating that mTORC1 mediates amino acids signals in alpha-cells. However, the effects of acute versus chronic induction of alpha-cell mTORC1 signaling on these outcomes have not been explored. Using mice with doxycycline induction of Rheb (activator of mTORC1 signaling) (aRhebTg) and inducible Cre-mediated deletion of the mTORC1 inhibitor, TSC2, in alpha-cells (iaTSC2KO), we showed that induction of hyperglucagonemia is associated with two phases: Acute phase characterized by impaired glucose tolerance because of increased gluconeogenesis and glucose output by the liver. And a chronic phase, characterized by normalization of glucose tolerance due to downregulation of the hepatic glucagon receptor (Gcgr), Pepck, and some genes involved in amino acid metabolism and urea production. Importantly, the consequences of chronic hyperglucagonemia were reversible after normalization of glucagon levels by turning off alpha-cell Rheb expression. These studies uncovered the acute versus chronic effects of hyperglucagonemia on glucose homeostasis and further demonstrate that glucagon resistance is a reversible process. These observations provide insight into the impact of glucagon in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia and the physiological effects of administration of dual GLP1/Glucagon receptor agonists. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 11:45 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.