Abstract
Opportunistic forwarding has emerged as a promising technique to address the problem of unreliable links typical in wireless sensor networks and improve energy efficiency by exploiting multiuser diversity. Timer-based solutions, such as timer-based contention, form promising schemes to allow opportunistic next hop relay selection. However, they can incur significant idle listening and thus reduce the lifetime of the network. To tackle this problem, we propose to exploit emerging wake-up receiver technologies that have the potential to considerably reduce the power consumption of wireless communications. A careful design of MAC protocols is required to efficiently employ these new devices. In this work, we propose Opportunistic Wake-Up MAC (OPWUM), a novel multihop MAC protocol using timer-based contention. It enables the opportunistic selection of the best receiver among its neighboring nodes according to a given metric (e.g., the remaining energy), without requiring any knowledge about them. Moreover, OPWUM exploits emerging wake-up receivers to drastically reduce nodes power consumption. Through analytical study and exhaustive networks simulations, we show the effectiveness of OPWUM compared to the current state-of-the-art protocols using timer-based contention.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) constitute a key technology to fulfill the increasing need of interaction between virtual and physical worlds
We evaluate the performance of Opportunistic Wake-Up MAC (OPWUM) and 1hopMAC with respect to the following metrics: (i) the total energy consumed by the network; (ii) the Packet delivery ratio (PDR)
The packet delivery ratios of OPWUM and 1-hopMAC are shown in Figure 7 as a function of the packet generation period, when the contention window DCW is set to 50 ms
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) constitute a key technology to fulfill the increasing need of interaction between virtual and physical worlds. In order to connect two nodes, traditional routing schemes predefine fixed paths before transmissions. At each hop, a fixed neighbor is used to forward a packet. These schemes do not suit well the dynamic environment with lossy, unreliable, and varying link qualities as they incur excessive link-level retransmission and they waste network resources [1]. Opportunistic forwarding [2] has emerged as a promising approach to tackle the problem of varying link qualities. The basic idea of this technique is to choose the forwarding node at every hop instead of taking one predefined path to the destination. Opportunistic forwarding takes advantage of the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, by allowing intermediate nodes to collaborate on packet forwarding in a localized manner. New cross-layer MAC protocols must be designed to allow this collaboration
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