Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure may cause adverse health effects such as respiratory disorders. We evaluated the protective effects of various Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) extracts on airway inflammation associated with exposure to PM10D with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP). BALB/c mice were exposed to PM10D via intranasal tracheal injection three times over a period of 12 days and various OFI extracts (water, 30% ethanolic, or 50% ethanolic extracts) were administered orally for 12 days. All OFI extracts suppressed neutrophil infiltration and the number of immune cells (CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, and Gr-1+/CD11b) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. OFI extracts decreased the expression of cytokines and chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-1, interleukin (IL)-17, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1, and mucin 5AC, and inhibited IRAK-1, TNF-α, and CXCL-1 localization in BALF and lungs of mice with PM10D-induced airway inflammation. Serum asymmetric and symmetric dimethyl arginine levels were also decreased by OFI extracts treatment. Moreover, all OFI extracts restored histopathological damage in the trachea and lungs of mice with PM10D-induced airway inflammation. These results indicate that OFI extracts may be used to prevent and treat airway inflammation and respiratory diseases.
Highlights
In 2016, the World Health Organization reported that 92% of people across the world live in areas where air pollution levels exceed safety limits
We investigated airway inflammation induced by Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10), diesel whether administration of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) could alleviate inflammation to protect the respiratory sysexhaust particulates (DEP), and their combination
Chromatographic Analysis of OFI Extracted with 50% Ethanol
Summary
In 2016, the World Health Organization reported that 92% of people across the world live in areas where air pollution levels exceed safety limits. Exposure to air pollution causes various adverse health effects and increases the risks of mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases [1,2]. Particulate matter (PM), the principal component of air pollution, is a complex mixture of materials with a carbonaceous core, organic compounds, acids, and fine metal particles.
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