Abstract
Although the experience of optogenetic retinal prostheticsin animal models dates back to more than 16 years, the first resultsobtained on humans have only been reported in the last year. Over thisperiod, the main challenges of prosthetics became clear and theapproaches to their solution were proposed. In this review, we aimto present the achievements in the field of optogenetic prosthetizationof retinal bipolar cells with a focus mainly on relatively recentpublications. The review addresses the advantages and disadvantagesof bipolar cell prosthetics as compared to the alternative target,retinal ganglion cells, and provides a comparative analysis of theeffectiveness of ionotropic light-sensitive proteins (channelrhodopsins)or metabotropic receptors (rhodopsins) as prosthetic tools.
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