Optogenetic Manipulation of Basal Forebrain Parvalbumin Neurons Tune Cortical Broadband Gamma Power and Reveal Functional Deficits Relevant to Schizophrenia

Abstract

Normal cortical function relies on the ability of neural networks to maintain stable, yet flexible, levels of activity. This process is precisely regulated by the ratio of activity in the excitatory and inhibitory components of the cortical circuitry (E/I balance). Broadband cortical EEG power in the gamma band (30-80 Hz) range, a common proxy used to assess E/I balance, has been observed to be elevated in schizophrenic patients and preclinical models of this disorder. However, the mechanisms which lead to increased broadband gamma power and the implications for cognition and behavior are poorly understood.