Abstract
Inverted organic photovoltaic solar cells were fabricated with the configuration of FTO/TiO2/P3HT:PC61BM/MoO3/Ag. Besides, the influence of transport layers, titanium dioxide and molybdenum trioxide, on the performance of solar cells were investigated. These compounds showed excellent optical (around 80% for molybdenum trioxide and 95% for titanium dioxide), electrical (like charge carrier density of 3.3 x1015 cm-3 and 2.5 x1014 cm-3 for titanium and molybdenum, respectively) and structural (anatase and amorphous hexagonal phase for titanium and molybdenum, respectively) properties to be used as transport layers. Also the influence of the thickness of the electron transport layer is studied, as well as the thickness, temperature and heat treatment time of the active layer. The correct selection of TiO2’s thickness (70 nm) and active layer’s thickness (250 nm) and annealing (at 100 degrees for 8 minutes) can increase the power conversion efficiency. Moreover, the cell fabricated with transport layers and the best conditions found showed a maximum efficiency of 3.3%, which indicates that the titanium dioxide and molybdenum trioxide played a determining role in the solar cell performance.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, organic photovoltaic solar cells (OPV) have gained the researchers’ attention because of their earth-abundant constituents, low cost and easy fabrication process and offers several advantages including light-weight, flexibility, suitability for large-scale production and roll-toroll processing[1,2,3,4]
The efficiency decreased by 1.85% when they incorporated layers of MoO3 and TiO2 to the device, compared to the base cell with PEDOT-PSS Here, it is worth to mention that the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.3% was achieved using hole transport layers (HTL) and electron transport layers (ETL) and the best conditions in this work
These results suggested that the HTL and ETL play a crucial role in the performance of the OPV as mentioned earlier
Summary
Over the past few decades, organic photovoltaic solar cells (OPV) have gained the researchers’ attention because of their earth-abundant constituents, low cost and easy fabrication process and offers several advantages including light-weight, flexibility, suitability for large-scale production and roll-toroll processing[1,2,3,4]. Active layer based on conjugated poly[3-hexylthiophene] (P3HT) polymer donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) fullerene acceptors have widely been investigated due to their excellent optical and electrical properties and have a good stability and lifetime, which is around five years under controlled conditions[4,5,6] Interfacial layers such as electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL) have been incorporated between active layer and electrodes to enhance the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells[7,8]. The device fabricated with the configuration of FTO/TiO2/P3HT:PC61BM/MoO3/Ag exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.3% To achieve this efficiency, the study of the optical, electrical and structural properties of the carrier layers was carried out, as well as. Using the best ETL’s thickness and active layer’s thickness and annealing time, found in previous experiments (shown in Table 1), Experiment D was developed and four cells were constructed
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