Options for enhancing specific antitumor immunity in patients with melanoma.

Abstract

e21547 Background: The special interest in oncology is the research of the immune status of patients. Quantification of T-cell receptor excision rings (TREC) and B-cell receptor κ deletion elements (KREC) allows to evaluate a humoral and a cellular immunity. In melanoma, the effectiveness of the use of drugs to control immune points depends on the formation of specific antitumor immunity. Quantitative indicators of excision recombination rings reflect the formation of a different repertoire of T-cell receptors, which are an integral component in the formation of specific immunity. The understanding of changes in TREC levels in patients with melanoma during therapy with various drugs can improve the selection of patients for immunotherapy. The purpose of this study is to assess the dynamics of changes in quantitative indicators of the T-cell receptor during adjuvant therapy for melanoma. Methods: The study included 82 patients with melanoma. Among patients with melanoma, the proportion of male patients was 36.5% (30/82), female - 63.5% (52/82). The median age in the group of patients with cancer was 63 years [Q1-Q3: 52.8-75]. Results: From the results obtained, it follows that in cancer patients, a decrease in the number of TREC in the blood indicates the presence of immunodeficiency. The data obtained indicate significant changes in TREC in melanoma. Targeted therapy (dabrafenib + trametinib) and interferon therapy are accompanied by a significantly significant increase in the level of TREC, which indicates an increase in the formation of specific antitumor immunity. Conclusions: The results obtained demonstrate a significant decrease in TREC content in patients with melanoma compared to healthy individuals. Determination of TREC levels during adjuvant therapy demonstrated the effectiveness of dabrafenib in combination with trametinib and interferon α-2β, which is reflected in a significant increase in the T-cell receptor repertoire. The presented data indicate the possibility of using the method for determining the TREC level to predict the risk of cancer progression and the effectiveness of prescribed therapy.