Options and limits of arthroscopic treatment of joint empyema

Abstract

Due to its low invasive nature, arthroscopy nowadays represents the gold standard in the treatment of native joint empyema. This article gives asummary of the literature with expert recommendations, reviews and case reports on arthroscopic treatment of native joint empyema and the limitations. Most cases of native joint empyema can be successfully cleansed with arthroscopic treatment alone including lavage and débridement. In advanced stages of infection open arthrotomy is often needed for final infection cleansing. In postoperative infections with enclosed foreign material, such as after cruciate ligament reconstruction, the foreign material can in most cases be left in and successful infection eradication can be carried out with several arthroscopic lavages and débridement. In cases of higher grade infections with destruction of the joint, arthroscopic treatment alone is normally insufficient.