Optional strategies for low-risk and non-risk applications of fungal pesticides to avoid solar ultraviolet damage.

Abstract

Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is harmful to formulated conidia as active ingredients of fungal pesticides and hence restrains their field application in sunny days of summer, a season requiring frequent pest controls. This conflict makes it necessary to explore optimal strategies for the application of fungal pesticides to suppress pest populations but avoid solar UV damage during summer. The conidia of Beauveria bassiana, a wide-spectrum fungal pesticide, were tolerable to UVB (major solar UV wavelengths) damage of ≤0.5J cm-2 . The damage of this upper limit caused a loss of conidial viability and infectivity if not photoreactivated by light exposure after irradiation. Intriguingly, the light exposure resulted in a high photoreactivation rate of UVB-inactivated conidia and an insignificant or marginal difference in insecticidal activity between normal conidia and those photoreactivated. Modeling analysis of solar UVB intensity recorded hourly over the daylight of five sunny summer days from 5:00 am to 7:00 pm at 30° 17'57''N and 120°5'7''E revealed a variation of daily accumulated UVB dose from 2.07 to 2.78 J cm-2 , which was far beyond the upper limit. A more tolerable dose of ~0.2J cm-2 appeared between 3:00 pm and 5:00 pm, and no harmful dose accumulated between 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm. Fungal UVB tolerance, fungal photoreactivation capability and the daily accumulation pattern of solar UV irradiation are based to propose an optional strategy for low-risk or non-risk application of fungal pesticides after 3:00 or 5:00 pm during summer. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.