Abstract
This study investigated the optimum condition for biodiesel production at varying temperatures and time using melon (Cucumeropsismannii), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), and soybean (Glycine max) seed oils. Oil was extracted from Cucumeropsismannii, A. hypogea, and G. max using n-hexane(67.7-69.2oC) as the solvent. Biodiesel was produced from three different seed oils at varying temperatures of 65oC, 55oC, and 45oC at varied durations of 60mins, 50mins, and 40mins. The best percentage yield was obtained at 65oC for the duration of 60 minutes. The transesterification process was not complete at 40 min; however, at 50 min the process was completed. The process also remained incomplete at 45oC.The maximum percentage yield of biodiesel obtained through transesterification was 90.83% for G. max, 78.00%for A. hypogea, and 77.58% for Cucumeropsismannii seedoils. Fuel properties of biodeisels, such as kinematic viscosity, pour point, carbon residue, cloud point, water content, flash point, cetane index, and sulfated ash, were examined. The flashpoint, carbon residue, kinematic viscosity, and water content of biodiesels were within the standard specified for petrol diesel; however, cloud point and pour points of this product were found to be greater than that of petrol diesel. The cetane index of biodiesels was lower than the standard specified for petrol diesel. Additionally, the samples were not found to contain sulfated ash. Therefore, Cucumeropsismannii, A. hypogea), and G. max are goodsources of biodiesel production.
 Keywords
 biodiesel, energy, environment, fuel properties, renewable fuel
 Copyright (c) The Authors
Highlights
The use of energy is the most basic requirement for human survival
The maximum % yield of the biodiesel obtained was 90.83% for Glycine max, 78.00% for Arachis hypogea, and 77.58% for Cucumeropsismannii seed oils. These are compared favorably with the biodiesel yield obtained from waste vegetable oil [4]
This means that Glycine max gave a higher yield followed by Arachis hypogea and Cucumeropsismannii seed oils
Summary
According to the International Energy Outlook 2019, global energy consumption is expected to increase by 50% between 2018 and 2050 [1, 2]. According to the analysis, based on current daily fossil fuel usage figures, it is just a matter of time before the world's fossil resources are completely exhausted due to their depletable nature [5]. The significance of this work spurs from the fact that biodiesel has been investigated as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in recent decades to explore more sustainable ways of meeting global energy demands, and this has opened the doors to investigate diverse biodiesel sources and the workability of the fuels generated. Renewable energy sources include sun, wind, hydro, biomass, and waste, whereas non-renewable energy sources include fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources include sun, wind, hydro, biomass, and waste, whereas non-renewable energy sources include fossil fuels. [8, 9]
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