Abstract
Long-term analyses are presented to predict the optimum tilt angle of an absorber plate at any surface azimuth angle γ. The analyses include the effects of number of glass covers, latitude angle, monthly average clearness index, month, and ground reflectivity. The effects of each of these parameters on the optimum tilt of a south-facing surface are studied. Two numerical correlations, for ground reflectivity equal 0.2 and 0.7, are developed to predict the monthly optimum tilt of a surface. The two correlations are used to predict the optimum tilt of a surface over any specified period of time that extends from one month up to several months or a year. The analyses are also extended to predict the optimum tilt angle and azimuth angles of surfaces exposed to shading by surrounding objects. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the analyses.
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