Abstract
In cold-formed steel portal framing systems that use bolted moment connections, formed through brackets, for the eaves and apex joints, it is well-known that the joints are semi-rigid, have finite connection-lengths and limited moment capacity. For such frames, it is therefore necessary for these joint effects to be taken into account when conducting frame design and analysis. However, as the semi-rigidity and the finite connection-lengths of each joint influence the bending moment distribution as well as the deflected profile of the frame, the joint detail for the eaves and the apex should not be designed independently of the frame. In this paper, a method of determining the optimum joint detail is described. It is demonstrated that careful selection of the joint detail can result in as much as a 25% increase in efficiency of the frame. Including joint effects explicitly into the design process provides better opportunities to devise the most appropriate balance between joints and member properties and thus reduce material use and construction costs.
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