Abstract
The design of curved surface sliders (CSS) based on the elastic response spectrum method with site-specific seismic input is commonly made by trial and error, whereby the design does not necessarily minimize structural acceleration. This paper therefore describes the optimum CSS design for minimum structural acceleration for given site-specific seismic input. All valid CSS designs and the optimum CSS design are represented by their associated trajectory in the elastic response spectrum plane that visualizes the optimization problem. The results demonstrate that the optimum CSS design is not obtained at maximum tolerated effective damping ratio. The subsequent sensitivity analysis describes how much the structural acceleration increases if the actual friction coefficient of the real CSS deviates from its optimum design value. The analysis points out that the increase in structural acceleration is approximately one order of magnitude smaller than the deviation in friction. The sensitivity data may be used by structural engineers to determine tolerable deviations in friction coefficient ensuring acceptable structural accelerations.
Highlights
Curved surface sliders (CSS) shift the natural period of the primary structure away from the time period range of high seismic energy and augment structural damping by friction damping [1]
All of the valid curved surface sliders (CSS) designs are represented by their acceleration trajectory in the elastic response spectrum plane
The fairly flat minimum of the acceleration trajectory reveals that deviations in the actual friction coefficient of the real CSS from its optimum value do not have great deteriorating impact on structural acceleration
Summary
Curved surface sliders (CSS) shift the natural period of the primary structure away from the time period range of high seismic energy and augment structural damping by friction damping [1]. Infinite CSS designs may be obtained by different combinations of friction coefficient and displacement capacity, but there is only one combination minimizing structural acceleration This design freedom led to a variety of investigations on the damping in CSS. In a step it is shown how the characteristic variables, such as friction coefficient, displacement capacity, effective damping ratio, reduction factor, effective time period, and re-centring condition of all optimum CSS solutions depend on the selection of the isolation time period. These two first studies are performed for spectra of type 1 and 2 and soil class C. This study gives a clear statement on the acceptable tolerance of the friction coefficient of CSS and can be used by structural engineers to determine maximum tolerable deviations in the actual friction coefficient to still guarantee acceptably small structural accelerations
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