Optimizing Women's Entrepreneurship to Enhance Family Domestic Income: A Case Study of Female Entrepreneurs in BatamThis study examines the role of women's entrepreneurship in enhancing domestic family income in Batam, a special economic zone with unique

Abstract

This study examines the role of women's entrepreneurship in enhancing domestic family income in Batam, a special economic zone with unique socio-economic characteristics. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative designs to understand the factors influencing women's entrepreneurship and to develop optimization strategies. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 200 female entrepreneurs across 12 districts in Batam, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and participant observations. Data analysis was conducted using variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and NVIVO software to analyze the complex relationships between variables. The results of the study indicate that women's education level, access to capital, and family support are critical factors influencing the success of entrepreneurship. Access to capital is proven to be a significant challenge, with barriers such as high interest rates and complex procedures. Additionally, the increase in family income derived from women's businesses contributes to improving family welfare, including children's education, health, and financial stability. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for improved access to capital, the development of relevant entrepreneurial training programs, and supportive government policies to strengthen the role of women's entrepreneurship in Batam. This study is expected to contribute meaningfully to the literature on women's entrepreneurship and provide a foundation for the development of more effective policies in the future.