Abstract
Cumulus-free in vitro maturation (IVM) provides a powerful tool to manipulate immature oocytes, but IVM oocytes lead to poor development after fertilization. Supplementation of the culture medium with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid, has been reported to improve the development of embryos derived from in vivo fertilized (IVF) embryos after in vitro culture (IVC) by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, it remains unclear if TUDCA can improve development of IVM-IVF embryos. Here, we examined whether TUDCA treatment could improve embryonic development during or after IVM. Immature GV oocytes collected from ovaries of ICR female mice that were free from cumulus cells were subjected to IVM in αMEM containing 5% FBS for 16 h. TUDCA was added to the media at varying concentrations (0–1000 μM) during IVM and IVC. TUDCA treatment during IVM reduced both MII and pronuclear (PN) rates but did not affect blastocyst rates of fertilized embryos. In contrast, TUDCA treatment during IVC significantly increased blastocyst formation rates in a concentration dependent manner. Finally, embryo transfer after TUDCA treatment revealed a significant improvement in the rates of offspring production (15% with 1000 μM TUDCA vs. 6.0% control). These results show that treatment with 1000 μM of TUDCA significantly can improve poor embryonic development of cumulus-free IVM-IVF embryos.
Highlights
In vitro maturation (IVM) of mammalian oocytes provides a powerful tool for reproductive biology and assisted reproductive technologies [1]
These results indicate that there is no beneficial effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) treatment on in vitro maturation (IVM)-in vivo fertilized (IVF) of cumulus-free germinal vesicle stage (GV) oocytes
We examined whether supplemented TUDCA shortly after IVF, which was kept up to the blastocyst stage, improved subsequent development
Summary
In vitro maturation (IVM) of mammalian oocytes provides a powerful tool for reproductive biology and assisted reproductive technologies [1]. The developmental potential of mature oocytes after IVM of germinal vesicle stage (GV) oocytes has been limited when compared to in vivo matured oocytes [2,3]. Optimizing treatment of TUDCA to improve embryonic development after IVM in mice matured oocytes [4], and has been used widely [5]. Instead of serum usage, a combination of media, αMEM, and TYH can improve the quality of cumulus-free IVM oocytes in mice, which enables production of offspring from spermatocytes [6]. The metaphase II (MII) karyoplasts of matured oocytes must be transferred into enucleated in vivo matured oocytes to replace the cytoplasm [7]
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