Abstract
The transition period in dairy cows, spanning from late gestation to early lactation, is crucial due to significant physiological, metabolic, and hormonal changes that impact health and milk production efficiency. Effective management during the transition period is essential for maximizing the overall health, productivity, and profitability of dairy herds. Focus areas for effective transition cow management include nutrition (both pre- and post-calving), health monitoring, environmental factors, and management practices. Strategies such as preventing and treating metabolic disorders (e.g., hypocalcemia and ketosis), early detection of health issues, optimizing housing and facilities, and reducing stress are critical for maintaining cow welfare and performance. Future research priorities include exploring precision technologies, genomics, and innovative management approaches to further enhance transition cow health and productivity. Synthesizing current knowledge aims to provide actionable insights for dairy producers, veterinarians, and researchers to optimize transition cow management and advance the sustainability of dairy farming practices globally.
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