Abstract
Purpose. Although the hydrocyclone separator has many advantages, it still has some limitations which decrease its separation efficiency in many mineral processing applications because of fine particles which are miss separated to the coarse product in the underflow. Water injection in the conical part of the cyclone was recently implemented to solve this problem. The water injection mechanism and the way in which the injected water affects the separation are still not clear and need to be more investigated. Methods. New design of water injection hydrocyclone was tried using a modified conical part with a water injection range consist of five equal distance injection openings open directly on the periphery of the cone part. Findings. This study presents a mechanical mathematical model that simulates the water injection to give a clear indication of the injection mechanism impact on the classification process. It could also predict the dependence of the basic characteristics of the classification on the amount of the injected water and the influence of different operating and design parameters of the hydrocyclone. Originality. The model accounts for the fluid flow, the particle motion, the turbulent particle diffusion, and particle settling. Particle interactions and fine particle entrainment by settling coarse particles are also included in the model. The model was found to predict well the injection effect and agrees with the experimental results. Practical implications. The results showed also that the increase in water injection velocity leads to an increase in both the cut size and the minimal value of the separation curve. It was found also that the hydrocyclone length has an important effect on the injection process, and the separation sharpness is directly proportional to it at higher values of water injection velocity.
Highlights
The hydrocyclone separator has many advantages, but the conventional one still have some limitations which decrease its separation efficiency in many industry applications
This study presents a mechanical mathematical model that simulates the water injection to give a clear indication of the injection mechanism impact on the classification process
The results showed that the increase in water injection velocity leads to an increase in both the cut size and the minimal value of the separation curve
Summary
The hydrocyclone separator has many advantages, but the conventional one (typical design) still have some limitations which decrease its separation efficiency in many industry applications These limitations may be due to the following reasons: the cut size lies outside the desired region, the fine particles fractions are not adequately captured by the classification, and the sharpness of separation of the solid material is not high enough. One of the most effective methods of improving the characteristics of hydrocyclone is the water injection in the region of the high concentration solid phase (near the underflow opening) This technique has repeatedly reflected in the literature [1]-[5] and still currently on the way of further development. The fine particles will be mostly moved together with the mean flow to the overflow [6]-[8]
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