Optimizing the inclined field for solar photovoltaic arrays

Abstract

Existing studies are focused on maximizing the solar energy collection by photovoltaic modules installed on a flat (horizontal) field. This paper presents an analytical model, which considers the tilt angle of the field along with the modules and evaluates the direct solar energy accumulation within a given time period. Validation of the model is performed by comparing the results with measurements obtained from a computer-aided 3D model. Then, various applications of the model are demonstrated for optimizing field and module tilt angles. The simulations were performed at a virtual site in Auckland (New Zealand; latitude: ∼36.86⁰S). For the given dimensions of the field and the modules, the results showed that nearly horizontal modules collect 35% more energy than when they are at the latitude angle. If they are tilted at the latitude angle, increasing the inclination angle of the field above 16⁰ increases energy collection by 48%. A contour plot of energy collection over the specified ranges of tilt angles was developed to help designers choose the best possible combinations. Finally, the monthly and seasonal energy collections are also presented for modules fixed on an inclined field, tilted at latitude angle.