Optimizing the Bio-Synthesis of Silver and Ferrous Oxide Nanoparticles Using Marsilea quadrifolia (L.) Leaf Extract

Abstract

Bio-mediated nanoparticle synthesis is a ‘green’ environmental friendly process. The present study investigates bio-synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) and Ferrous Oxide (FeO) nanoparticles using leaf extract of Marsilea quadrifolia, a noxious weed in rice fields worldwide. Optimal synthesis of AgNPs and FeONPs with desirable concentrations of Silver Nitrate and Ferrous Nitrate and different quantities of the plant extract was investigated under room temperature. Characterization of NPs was carried out using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, (SEM) Scanning Electron Microscope. To determine the appropriate concentrations for AgNPs and FeONPs synthesis, different dilution series of Silver Nitrate and Ferrous Nitrate were reacted with M. quadrifolia leaf extract at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 ratios respectively, under room temperature condition. For the extraction, 8g of M. quadrifolia dried leaf samples were used and extraction was done by using deionized water. The results showed that plant extract and salt mixed ratios have a significant effect on yield of synthesized AgNPs and FeONPs. The best ratio of plant extract and AgNO3 is 1:1 to optimize the production of AgNPs. The temperature range 60-80oC promotes higher AgNPs production comparative to the room temperature. Similar observations were recorded with FeONPs. M. diplotricha leaf extract is an effective source for AgNPs and FeONPs production.