Optimizing spatial layout of afforestation to realize the maximum benefit of water resources in arid regions: A case study of Alxa, China

Abstract

Water shortage, ecological protection, and economic development are long-standing challenges faced by arid regions. Scientific afforestation project provides an effective way to realize the maximum benefit of water resources in the perspective of ecology and economy “win-win”. However, how to plan and shape afforestation to meet different objectives and overcome different obstacles is an essential problem in policy-making. In this study, a method of optimizing the spatial layout of afforestation by considering ecological and economic goals, priority areas, and water resources capacity is developed. A case study of spatial layout planning of afforestation (represented by H. ammodendron) in Alxa, China is proposed. Results show that the scale of afforestation in Alxa would increase from 2019 to 2030 by considering the maximum benefit of water resources in ecology and economy. The priority areas for afforestation are mainly located in the west side of Helan Mountain, the east and south sides of the Badain Jaran Desert, and the central part of Ejin Banner. The spatial heterogeneity of precipitation makes the afforestation density increase from northwest to southeast, and the density would be changed under different climate scenarios. The method and results of this study provide a practical reference for optimizing afforestation and water resources allocation to achieve win-win pattern for ecology and economy in arid regions.