Optimizing Somatic Embryo Production in Mango

Abstract

Abstract Medium components and characteristics that affect the growth of embryogenic mango (Mangifera indica L.) nucellar cultures and production of somatic embryos in vitro were studied. These included the role of complex organic supplements, basal medium formulations, solidifying agents, and liquid vs. solid media. Growth of embryogenic cultures in suspension was more efficient than on solid medium; however, subculture onto solid medium was essential for high-frequency production of morphologically normal somatic embryos, and Gelrite was more effective in this respect than Difco Bacto-agar. Modified B-5 basal medium was better for maintenance of cultures and for production of morphologically normal somatic embryos than either Murashige and Skoog or Woody Plant Medium. Sucrose concentrations at 5% to 6% were optimal for somatic embryo production, and also increased the frequency of recovery of normally differentiated early heart-shaped somatic embryos. Coconut water (20%, v/v) enhanced somatic embryo production by 18%; other complex organic addenda alone or in combination with coconut water were either ineffective (casein hydrolysate) or highly inhibitory (yeast extract) in comparison with basal medium alone.