Abstract
Sustainable university campus design, to be walkable needs comprehensive planning that remarks the campuses as integrated whole; buildings and surroundings are considered as interrelated units rather than segmented parts. This paper shows a comparative study of the old and new campuses of Sulaimani University to compare social sustainability from the walkability point of view. Walkability as a feature of social sustainability is studied in this paper as walkability in built environment is assessed through four criteria which are connectivity, accessibility, safety/security and comfort. This paper has limited its empirical study to both connectivity and accessibility criteria in both campuses of Sulaimani University to test social sustainability in each campus. The aim of this paper is to achieve social sustainable campus design from the walkability point of view. The results showed that a compact campus design achieves both accessibility and connectedness rather than the linear design in means of social sustainability.
Highlights
University campus as a vital built environment needs a layout design to sketch out the basis for planning and requirements for its buildings and surrounding environments
Three public spaces are determined on both old and new campuses of Sulaimani University shown in Figure (1 and 2) and Figures (3-10) are sample of photos taken during video recording at each campus public spaces within the specified days and times
The results show the difference between both campuses design where the old campus www.amazoniainvestiga.info has been designed with more gathering spaces that encourages social connectedness and the compact design typology of the old campus encourages optimum walking distance while the linear design typology of the new campus has discouraged the social connectedness since gathering areas are far from students teaching buildings which are not in walking distance range
Summary
University campus as a vital built environment needs a layout design to sketch out the basis for planning and requirements for its buildings and surrounding environments. From the view of physical development planning, a wide and disperse planning contrast to the concept of campus in means of walkable and social sustainability as it is increasing the distance between areas; increasing reliance on vehicles; increasing air pollution; create accessibility problems, constrict infrastructure and facilities management, reduce energy efficiency, create poor social life with minimizing walkability (Mushtaha, 2015). Sustainable Campus has been everywhere to encourage the implementation of walkable transportation into the urban planning and design of the university campus to maximize user’s health, their economical satisfaction, reduces pollution and improving better social activity in the campus (Alam, 2018). Designing and implementing walking transportation into campus planning and design can provide several advantages such as minimizing land used, reducing vehicle reliance, reduced resource consumption and pollution, encourage walking and cycling, increasing accessibility to facilities and service areas, more efficient provision of infrastructure and utilities, and re-develop used area. Designing and implementing walking transportation into campus planning and design can provide several advantages such as minimizing land used, reducing vehicle reliance, reduced resource consumption and pollution, encourage walking and cycling, increasing accessibility to facilities and service areas, more efficient provision of infrastructure and utilities, and re-develop used area. Litman 2019 shows that it is of particular concern to design scholars, developers, investors and others interested in sustainable and responsible property investing because of its potential social and environmental benefits (Litman, 2019)
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