Abstract
Peanut is an affordable legume known for its nutritional value and phenolic content. The kernel and skin of 14 peanut genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance had their phenolic profiles determined and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity evaluated. Firstly, temperature and % EtOH to extract antioxidant phenolic compounds were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized extraction conditions, 60 °C and 35% EtOH for kernels and 40 °C and 60% EtOH for skins, were further adopted, and phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). As a result, phenolic acids and glycosidic/non-glycosidic flavonoids were found. Principal component analysis was conducted, and the pairwise score plot of the skin extracts based on individual phenolic compounds showed a trend of genotype clustering based not only on drought tolerance but also on botanical type of germplasm. Therefore, our results demonstrate the status quo for antioxidant phenolic compounds of peanut genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance grown under natural field conditions.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an affordable legume known for its nutritional value, mainly due to the high contents of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and minerals [1]
Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity, and modifications on the total content of phenolic compounds and on phenolic profile have been reported for whole seeds in plants tolerant to water stress, even when they were grown under conditions with no water stress [2,11]
The objective of our study was to establish optimal extraction conditions for the recovery of antioxidant phenolic compounds from the kernel and skin of different peanut genotypes, as well as to assess the germplasm based on phenolic composition, investigating a possible relationship with drought tolerance
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an affordable legume known for its nutritional value, mainly due to the high contents of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and minerals [1]. Studies have demonstrated that the drought tolerant genotypes have a differentiated ability to scavenge ROS during water scarcity, and one of them is to activate the antioxidant system in order to prevent cell damage [9,10]. In this context, phenolic compounds are ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity, and modifications on the total content of phenolic compounds and on phenolic profile have been reported for whole (kernel + skin) seeds in plants tolerant to water stress, even when they were grown under conditions with no water stress [2,11]
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